#!/bin/bash
# soundex.sh: Calculate "soundex" code for names

# =======================================================
#        Soundex script
#              by
#         Mendel Cooper
#     thegrendel@theriver.com
#       23 January, 2002
#
#   Placed in the Public Domain.
#
# A slightly different version of this script appeared in
#+ Ed Schaefer's July, 2002 "Shell Corner" column
#+ in "Unix Review" on-line,
#+ http://www.unixreview.com/documents/uni1026336632258/
# =======================================================


ARGCOUNT=1                     # Need name as argument.
E_WRONGARGS=70

if [ $# -ne "$ARGCOUNT" ]
then
  echo "Usage: `basename $0` name"
  exit $E_WRONGARGS
fi


assign_value ()                #  Assigns numerical value
{                              #+ to letters of name.

  val1=bfpv                    # 'b,f,p,v' = 1
  val2=cgjkqsxz                # 'c,g,j,k,q,s,x,z' = 2
  val3=dt                      #  etc.
  val4=l
  val5=mn
  val6=r

# Exceptionally clever use of 'tr' follows.
# Try to figure out what is going on here.

value=$( echo "$1" \
| tr -d wh \
| tr $val1 1 | tr $val2 2 | tr $val3 3 \
| tr $val4 4 | tr $val5 5 | tr $val6 6 \
| tr -s 123456 \
| tr -d aeiouy )

# Assign letter values.
# Remove duplicate numbers, except when separated by vowels.
# Ignore vowels, except as separators, so delete them last.
# Ignore 'w' and 'h', even as separators, so delete them first.
#
# The above command substitution lays more pipe than a plumber <g>.

}


input_name="$1"
echo
echo "Name = $input_name"


# Change all characters of name input to lowercase.
# ------------------------------------------------
name=$( echo $input_name | tr A-Z a-z )
# ------------------------------------------------
# Just in case argument to script is mixed case.


# Prefix of soundex code: first letter of name.
# --------------------------------------------


char_pos=0                     # Initialize character position. 
prefix0=${name:$char_pos:1}
prefix=`echo $prefix0 | tr a-z A-Z`
                               # Uppercase 1st letter of soundex.

let "char_pos += 1"            # Bump character position to 2nd letter of name.
name1=${name:$char_pos}


# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Exception Patch +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#  Now, we run both the input name and the name shifted one char to the right
#+ through the value-assigning function.
#  If we get the same value out, that means that the first two characters
#+ of the name have the same value assigned, and that one should cancel.
#  However, we also need to test whether the first letter of the name
#+ is a vowel or 'w' or 'h', because otherwise this would bollix things up.

char1=`echo $prefix | tr A-Z a-z`    # First letter of name, lowercased.

assign_value $name
s1=$value
assign_value $name1
s2=$value
assign_value $char1
s3=$value
s3=9$s3                              #  If first letter of name is a vowel
                                     #+ or 'w' or 'h',
                                     #+ then its "value" will be null (unset).
                                     #+ Therefore, set it to 9, an otherwise
                                     #+ unused value, which can be tested for.


if [[ "$s1" -ne "$s2" || "$s3" -eq 9 ]]
then
  suffix=$s2
else
  suffix=${s2:$char_pos}
fi
# ++++++++++++++++++++++ end Exception Patch +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


padding=000                    # Use at most 3 zeroes to pad.


soun=$prefix$suffix$padding    # Pad with zeroes.

MAXLEN=4                       # Truncate to maximum of 4 chars.
soundex=${soun:0:$MAXLEN}

echo "Soundex = $soundex"

echo

#  The soundex code is a method of indexing and classifying names
#+ by grouping together the ones that sound alike.
#  The soundex code for a given name is the first letter of the name,
#+ followed by a calculated three-number code.
#  Similar sounding names should have almost the same soundex codes.

#   Examples:
#   Smith and Smythe both have a "S-530" soundex.
#   Harrison = H-625
#   Hargison = H-622
#   Harriman = H-655

#  This works out fairly well in practice, but there are numerous anomalies.
#
#
#  The U.S. Census and certain other governmental agencies use soundex,
#  as do genealogical researchers.
#
#  For more information,
#+ see the "National Archives and Records Administration home page",
#+ http://www.nara.gov/genealogy/soundex/soundex.html



# Exercise:
# --------
# Simplify the "Exception Patch" section of this script.

exit 0