# Apache configuration file# httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/quickreference.html# Note .htaccess files are an overhead, this logic should be in your Apache# config if possible: httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/htaccess.html# Techniques in here adapted from all over, including:# Kroc Camen: camendesign.com/.htaccess# perishablepress.com/press/2006/01/10/stupid-htaccess-tricks/# Sample .htaccess file of CMS MODx: modxcms.com# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Better website experience for IE users# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Force the latest IE version, in various cases when it may fall back to IE7 mode# github.com/rails/rails/commit/123eb25#commitcomment-118920# Use ChromeFrame if it's installed for a better experience for the poor IE folk<IfModule mod_headers.c>Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1"# mod_headers can't match by content-type, but we don't want to send this header on *everything*...<FilesMatch".(js|css|gif|png|jpe?g|pdf|xml|oga|ogg|m4a|ogv|mp4|m4v|webm|svg|svgz|eot|ttf|otf|woff|ico|webp|appcache|manifest|htc|crx|oex|xpi|safariextz|vcf)$">Header unset X-UA-Compatible
</FilesMatch></IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Cross-domain AJAX requests# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Serve cross-domain Ajax requests, disabled by default.# enable-cors.org# code.google.com/p/html5security/wiki/CrossOriginRequestSecurity# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"# </IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# CORS-enabled images (@crossorigin)# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Send CORS headers if browsers request them; enabled by default for images.# developer.mozilla.org/en/CORS_Enabled_Image# blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html# hacks.mozilla.org/2011/11/using-cors-to-load-webgl-textures-from-cross-domain-images/# wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Reviews/crossoriginAttribute<IfModule mod_setenvif.c><IfModule mod_headers.c># mod_headers, y u no match by Content-Type?!<FilesMatch".(gif|png|jpe?g|svg|svgz|ico|webp)$">SetEnvIfOrigin":" IS_CORS
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin"*" env=IS_CORS
</FilesMatch></IfModule></IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Webfont access# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Allow access from all domains for webfonts.# Alternatively you could only whitelist your# subdomains like "subdomain.example.com".<IfModule mod_headers.c><FilesMatch".(ttf|ttc|otf|eot|woff|font.css)$">Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin"*"</FilesMatch></IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Proper MIME type for all files# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# JavaScript# Normalize to standard type (it's sniffed in IE anyways)# tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2AddType application/javascript js jsonp
AddType application/json json
# AudioAddType audio/ogg oga ogg
AddType audio/wav wav
AddType audio/mp3 mp3
AddType audio/mp4 m4a f4a f4b
# VideoAddType video/ogg ogv
AddType video/mp4 mp4 m4v f4v f4p
AddType video/webm webm
AddType video/x-flv flv
# SVG# Required for svg webfonts on iPad# twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz
AddEncoding gzip svgz
# WebfontsAddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot
AddType application/x-font-ttf ttf ttc
AddType font/opentype otf
AddType application/x-font-woff woff
# Assorted typesAddType image/x-icon ico
AddType image/webp webp
AddType text/cache-manifest appcache manifest
AddType text/x-component htc
AddType application/xml rss atom xml rdf
AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx
AddType application/x-opera-extension oex
AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi
AddType application/octet-stream safariextz
AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp
AddType text/x-vcard vcf
AddType application/x-shockwave-flash swf
AddType text/vtt vtt
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Allow concatenation from within specific js and css files# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# e.g. Inside of script.combined.js you could have# <!--#include file="libs/jquery-1.5.0.min.js" --># <!--#include file="plugins/jquery.idletimer.js" --># and they would be included into this single file.# This is not in use in the boilerplate as it stands. You may# choose to use this technique if you do not have a build process.#<FilesMatch ".combined.js$"># Options +Includes# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript application/json# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES#</FilesMatch>#<FilesMatch ".combined.css$"># Options +Includes# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES#</FilesMatch># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Gzip compression# ----------------------------------------------------------------------<IfModule mod_deflate.c># Force deflate for mangled headers developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping/<IfModule mod_setenvif.c><IfModule mod_headers.c>SetEnvIfNoCase^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)s*,?s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding"gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
</IfModule></IfModule># Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types<IfModule mod_filter.c>AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml
application/javascript
application/json
application/rss+xml
application/vnd.ms-fontobject
application/x-font-ttf
application/xhtml+xml
application/xml
font/opentype
image/svg+xml
image/x-icon
text/css
text/html
text/plain
text/x-component
text/xml
</IfModule></IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Expires headers (for better cache control)# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# These are pretty far-future expires headers.# They assume you control versioning with filename-based cache busting# Additionally, consider that outdated proxies may miscache# www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/# If you don't use filenames to version, lower the CSS and JS to something like# "access plus 1 week".<IfModule mod_expires.c>ExpiresActive on
# Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps.ExpiresDefault"access plus 1 month"# cache.appcache needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thanks Remy ~Introducing HTML5)ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds"# Your document htmlExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds"# DataExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds"ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds"ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds"# FeedExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour"ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour"# Favicon (cannot be renamed)ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week"# Media: images, video, audioExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 week"ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 week"ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 week"ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 week"ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 week"ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 week"ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 week"# HTC files (css3pie)ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month"# WebfontsExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"# CSS and JavaScriptExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 week"ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 week"</IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Prevent mobile network providers from modifying your site# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# The following header prevents modification of your code over 3G on some# European providers.# This is the official 'bypass' suggested by O2 in the UK.# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set Cache-Control "no-transform"# </IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# ETag removal# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# FileETag None is not enough for every server.<IfModule mod_headers.c>Header unset ETag</IfModule># Since we're sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for# static content.# developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etagsFileETagNone# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# The following directives stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers - in# combination with the "ExpiresByType" rules for images (see above).# BrowserMatch "MSIE" brokenvary=1# BrowserMatch "Mozilla/4.[0-9]{2}" brokenvary=1# BrowserMatch "Opera" !brokenvary# SetEnvIf brokenvary 1 force-no-vary# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Set Keep-Alive Header# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Keep-Alive allows the server to send multiple requests through one# TCP-connection. Be aware of possible disadvantages of this setting. Turn on# if you serve a lot of static content.# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set Connection Keep-Alive# </IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Cookie setting from iframes# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Allow cookies to be set from iframes (for IE only)# If needed, specify a path or regex in the Location directive.# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set P3P "policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml", CP="IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT""# </IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Start rewrite engine# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Turning on the rewrite engine is necessary for the following rules and# features. FollowSymLinks must be enabled for this to work.# Some cloud hosting services require RewriteBase to be set: goo.gl/HOcPN# If using the h5bp in a subdirectory, use `RewriteBase /foo` instead where# 'foo' is your directory.# If your web host doesn't allow the FollowSymlinks option, you may need to# comment it out and use `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch`, but be aware of the# performance impact: http://goo.gl/Mluzd<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>Options+FollowSymlinks# Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatchRewriteEngineOn# RewriteBase /</IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Suppress or force the "www." at the beginning of URLs# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# The same content should never be available under two different URLs -# especially not with and without "www." at the beginning, since this can cause# SEO problems (duplicate content). That's why you should choose one of the# alternatives and redirect the other one.# By default option 1 (no "www.") is activated.# no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b# If you'd prefer to use option 2, just comment out all option 1 lines# and uncomment option 2.# IMPORTANT: NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME!# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Option 1:# Rewrite "www.example.com -> example.com".<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>RewriteCond%{HTTPS}!=on
RewriteCond%{HTTP_HOST}^www.(.+)$ [NC]RewriteRule^ http://%1%{REQUEST_URI}[R=301,L]</IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Option 2:# Rewrite "example.com -> www.example.com".# Be aware that the following rule might not be a good idea if you use "real"# subdomains for certain parts of your website.# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c># RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www..+$ [NC]# RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]# </IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Built-in filename-based cache busting# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# If you're not using the build script to manage your filename version revving,# you might want to consider enabling this, which will route requests for# `/css/style.20110203.css` to `/css/style.css`.# To understand why this is important and a better idea than all.css?v1231,# please refer to the bundled documentation about `.htaccess`.# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c># RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d# RewriteRule ^(.+).(d+).(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L]# </IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Prevent SSL cert warnings# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Rewrite secure requests properly to prevent SSL cert warnings, e.g. prevent# https://www.example.com when your cert only allows https://secure.example.com# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c># RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443# RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]# </IfModule># ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Prevent 404 errors for non-existing redirected folders# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# without -MultiViews, Apache will give a 404 for a rewrite if a folder of the# same name does not exist.# webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htmOptions-MultiViews# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Custom 404 page# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# You can add custom pages to handle 500 or 403 pretty easily, if you like.# If you are hosting your site in subdirectory, adjust this accordingly# e.g. ErrorDocument 404 /subdir/404.htmlErrorDocument404/404.html# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# UTF-8 encoding# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served text/plain or text/htmlAddDefaultCharset utf-8
# Force UTF-8 for a number of file formatsAddCharset utf-8 .atom .css .js .json .rss .vtt .xml
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# A little more security# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# To avoid displaying the exact version number of Apache being used, add the# following to httpd.conf (it will not work in .htaccess):# ServerTokens Prod# "-Indexes" will have Apache block users from browsing folders without a# default document Usually you should leave this activated, because you# shouldn't allow everybody to surf through every folder on your server (which# includes rather private places like CMS system folders).<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>Options-Indexes</IfModule># Block access to "hidden" directories or files whose names begin with a# period. This includes directories used by version control systems such as# Subversion or Git.<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>RewriteCond%{SCRIPT_FILENAME}-d [OR]RewriteCond%{SCRIPT_FILENAME}-f
RewriteRule"(^|/)."-[F]</IfModule># Block access to backup and source files. These files may be left by some# text/html editors and pose a great security danger, when anyone can access# them.<FilesMatch"(.(bak|config|sql|fla|psd|ini|log|sh|inc|swp|dist)|~)$">Order allow,deny
Deny from all
SatisfyAll</FilesMatch># If your server is not already configured as such, the following directive# should be uncommented in order to set PHP's register_globals option to OFF.# This closes a major security hole that is abused by most XSS (cross-site# scripting) attacks. For more information: http://php.net/register_globals## IF REGISTER_GLOBALS DIRECTIVE CAUSES 500 INTERNAL SERVER ERRORS:## Your server does not allow PHP directives to be set via .htaccess. In that# case you must make this change in your php.ini file instead. If you are# using a commercial web host, contact the administrators for assistance in# doing this. Not all servers allow local php.ini files, and they should# include all PHP configurations (not just this one), or you will effectively# reset everything to PHP defaults. Consult www.php.net for more detailed# information about setting PHP directives.# php_flag register_globals Off# Rename session cookie to something else, than PHPSESSID# php_value session.name sid# Disable magic quotes (This feature has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 5.3.0 and REMOVED as of PHP 5.4.0.)# php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off# Do not show you are using PHP# Note: Move this line to php.ini since it won't work in .htaccess# php_flag expose_php Off# Level of log detail - log all errors# php_value error_reporting -1# Write errors to log file# php_flag log_errors On# Do not display errors in browser (production - Off, development - On)# php_flag display_errors Off# Do not display startup errors (production - Off, development - On)# php_flag display_startup_errors Off# Format errors in plain text# Note: Leave this setting 'On' for xdebug's var_dump() output# php_flag html_errors Off# Show multiple occurrence of error# php_flag ignore_repeated_errors Off# Show same errors from different sources# php_flag ignore_repeated_source Off# Size limit for error messages# php_value log_errors_max_len 1024# Don't precede error with string (doesn't accept empty string, use whitespace if you need)# php_value error_prepend_string " "# Don't prepend to error (doesn't accept empty string, use whitespace if you need)# php_value error_append_string " "# Increase cookie security<IfModulephp5_module>
php_value session.cookie_httponly true
</IfModule>