# Apache Server Configs v2.2.0 | MIT License# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache# (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have access# to the main server config file (usually called `httpd.conf`), you should add# this logic there: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html.# ############################################################################### # CROSS-ORIGIN RESOURCE SHARING (CORS) ## ############################################################################### ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Cross-domain AJAX requests |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Allow cross-origin AJAX requests.# http://code.google.com/p/html5security/wiki/CrossOriginRequestSecurity# http://enable-cors.org/# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"# </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | CORS-enabled images |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it.# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/CORS_Enabled_Image# http://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html# http://hacks.mozilla.org/2011/11/using-cors-to-load-webgl-textures-from-cross-domain-images/<IfModule mod_setenvif.c><IfModule mod_headers.c><FilesMatch".(cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|png|svgz?|webp)$">SetEnvIfOrigin":" IS_CORS
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin"*" env=IS_CORS
</FilesMatch></IfModule></IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Web fonts access |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Allow access to web fonts from all domains.<IfModule mod_headers.c><FilesMatch".(eot|otf|tt[cf]|woff)$">Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin"*"</FilesMatch></IfModule># ############################################################################### # ERRORS ## ############################################################################### ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | 404 error prevention for non-existing redirected folders |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Prevent Apache from returning a 404 error as the result of a rewrite# when the directory with the same name does not exist.# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews# http://www.webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htmOptions-MultiViews# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Custom error messages / pages |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error.# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocumentErrorDocument404/404.html# ############################################################################### # INTERNET EXPLORER ## ############################################################################### ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Better website experience |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Force Internet Explorer to render pages in the highest available mode# in the various cases when it may not.# http://hsivonen.iki.fi/doctype/ie-mode.pdf<IfModule mod_headers.c>Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge"# `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, this# header should be send only for HTML pages and not for the other resources<FilesMatch".(appcache|atom|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|tt[cf]|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff|xml|xpi)$">Header unset X-UA-Compatible
</FilesMatch></IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Cookie setting from iframes |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Allow cookies to be set from iframes in Internet Explorer.# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537343.aspx# http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-P3P-20001215/# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set P3P "policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml", CP="IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT""# </IfModule># ############################################################################### # MIME TYPES AND ENCODING ## ############################################################################### ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Proper MIME types for all files |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------<IfModule mod_mime.c># AudioAddType audio/mp4 m4a f4a f4b
AddType audio/ogg oga ogg opus
# Data interchangeAddType application/json json map
AddType application/ld+json jsonld
# JavaScript# Normalize to standard type.# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2AddType application/javascript js
# VideoAddType video/mp4 f4v f4p m4v mp4
AddType video/ogg ogv
AddType video/webm webm
AddType video/x-flv flv
# Web fontsAddType application/font-woff woff
AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot
# Browsers usually ignore the font MIME types and simply sniff the bytes# to figure out the font type.# http://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#matching-a-font-type-pattern# Chrome however, shows a warning if any other MIME types are used for# the following fonts.AddType application/x-font-ttf ttc ttf
AddType font/opentype otf
# Make SVGZ fonts work on the iPad.# https://twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545AddType image/svg+xml svgz
AddEncoding gzip svgz
# OtherAddType application/octet-stream safariextz
AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx
AddType application/x-opera-extension oex
AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp
AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi
AddType application/xml atom rdf rss xml
AddType image/webp webp
AddType image/x-icon cur
AddType text/cache-manifest appcache manifest
AddType text/vtt vtt
AddType text/x-component htc
AddType text/x-vcard vcf
</IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | UTF-8 encoding |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served as `text/html` or `text/plain`.AddDefaultCharset utf-8
# Force UTF-8 for certain file formats.<IfModule mod_mime.c>AddCharset utf-8 .atom .css .js .json .jsonld .rss .vtt .webapp .xml
</IfModule># ############################################################################### # URL REWRITES ## ############################################################################### ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Rewrite engine |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Turn on the rewrite engine and enable the `FollowSymLinks` option (this is# necessary in order for the following directives to work).# If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, you may need to# comment it out and use `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch`, but be aware of the# performance impact.# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks# Also, some cloud hosting services require `RewriteBase` to be set.# http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-mod-rewrite-not-working-on-my-site<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>Options+FollowSymlinks# Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatchRewriteEngineOn# RewriteBase /</IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Suppressing / Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# The same content should never be available under two different URLs,# especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning. This can cause# SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, you should choose one# of the alternatives and redirect the other one.# By default `Option 1` (no `www.`) is activated.# http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b# If you would prefer to use `Option 2`, just comment out all the lines# from `Option 1` and uncomment the ones from `Option 2`.# IMPORTANT: NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME!# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -# Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>RewriteCond%{HTTPS}!=on
RewriteCond%{HTTP_HOST}^www.(.+)$ [NC]RewriteRule^ http://%1%{REQUEST_URI}[R=301,L]</IfModule># - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -# Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com# Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real"# subdomains for certain parts of your website.# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c># RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www. [NC]# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1# RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]# </IfModule># ############################################################################### # SECURITY ## ############################################################################### ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Clickjacking |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Protect website against clickjacking.# The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with the value# `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the web page content in any frame.# This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read about the# other two possible values for `X-Frame-Options`: `SAMEORIGIN` & `ALLOW-FROM`.# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1# Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header for all# of your site’s pages, this has the potential downside that it forbids even# non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when users visit your site using# a Google Image Search results page).# Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` header for# all pages that allow a user to make a state changing operation (e.g: pages# that contain one-click purchase links, checkout or bank-transfer confirmation# pages, pages that make permanent configuration changes, etc.).# Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website against# more than just clickjacking attacks: https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf.# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options.aspx# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY"# <FilesMatch ".(appcache|atom|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|tt[cf]|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff|xml|xpi)$"># Header unset X-Frame-Options# </FilesMatch># </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Content Security Policy (CSP) |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection attacks.# This can be done by setting a `Content Security Policy` which whitelists# trusted sources of content for your website.# The example header below allows ONLY scripts that are loaded from the current# site's origin (no inline scripts, no CDN, etc). This almost certainly won't# work as-is for your site!# For more details on how to craft a reasonable policy for your site, read:# http://html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy (or the# specification: http://w3.org/TR/CSP). Also, to make things easier, you can# use an online CSP header generator such as: http://cspisawesome.com/.# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'"# <FilesMatch ".(appcache|atom|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|tt[cf]|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff|xml|xpi)$"># Header unset Content-Security-Policy# </FilesMatch># </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | File access |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Block access to directories without a default document.# You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow anyone to# surf through every directory on your server (which may includes rather private# places such as the CMS's directories).<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>Options-Indexes</IfModule># - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -# Block access to hidden files and directories.# This includes directories used by version control systems such as Git and SVN.<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>RewriteCond%{SCRIPT_FILENAME}-d [OR]RewriteCond%{SCRIPT_FILENAME}-f
RewriteRule"(^|/)."-[F]</IfModule># - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -# Block access to files that can expose sensitive information.# By default, block access to backup and source files that may be left by some# text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone has access to them.# http://feross.org/cmsploit/# IMPORTANT: Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to include# any files that might end up on your production server and can expose sensitive# information about your website. These files may include: configuration files,# files that contain metadata about the project (e.g.: project dependencies),# build scripts, etc..
<FilesMatch "(^#.*#|.(bak|config|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$"># Apache < 2.3<IfModule!mod_authz_core.c>Order allow,deny
Deny from all
SatisfyAll</IfModule># Apache ≥ 2.3<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>Require all denied
</IfModule></FilesMatch># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Reducing MIME-type security risks |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response.# This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and should be enable# especially if the web server is serving user uploaded content, content# that could potentially be treated by the browser as executable.# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection.aspx# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx# http://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"# </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# (1) Try to re-enable the Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) filter built into the# most recent web browsers.## The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it may be# disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for example, it can# be re-enabled just by sending the `X-XSS-Protection` header with the# value of `1`.## (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential reflected# (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the filter.## By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a reflected# XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack by making the smallest# possible modifications to the returned web page.## Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), this default# behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited, thereby, it's better# to tell browsers to prevent the rendering of the page altogether, instead# of attempting to modify it.## http://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities## IMPORTANT: Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that# you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the most obvious# being: validating and sanitizing your site's inputs.## http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/01/31/controlling-the-internet-explorer-xss-filter-with-the-x-xss-protection-http-header.aspx# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29# <IfModule mod_headers.c># # (1) (2)# Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"# <FilesMatch ".(appcache|atom|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|tt[cf]|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff|xml|xpi)$"># Header unset X-XSS-Protection# </FilesMatch># </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Rewrite secure requests properly in order to prevent SSL certificate warnings.# E.g.: prevent `https://www.example.com` when your certificate only allows# `https://secure.example.com`.# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c># RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443# RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]# </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Force client-side SSL redirection.# If a user types `example.com` in his browser, the above rule will redirect# him to the secure version of the site. That still leaves a window of# opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker to downgrade or# redirect the request.# The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your server# via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the address bar.# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1# http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/# IMPORTANT: Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the subdomains# are not using HTTPS.# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains"# </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Server software information |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Avoid displaying the exact Apache version number, the description of the# generic OS-type and the information about Apache's compiled-in modules.# ADD THIS DIRECTIVE IN THE `httpd.conf` AS IT WILL NOT WORK IN THE `.htaccess`!# ServerTokens Prod# ############################################################################### # WEB PERFORMANCE ## ############################################################################### ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Compression |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------<IfModule mod_deflate.c># Force compression for mangled headers.# http://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping<IfModule mod_setenvif.c><IfModule mod_headers.c>SetEnvIfNoCase^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)s*,?s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding"gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
</IfModule></IfModule># Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types# (for Apache versions below 2.3.7, you don't need to enable `mod_filter`# and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>` and `</IfModule>` lines# as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in the core directives).<IfModule mod_filter.c>AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml
application/javascript
application/json
application/ld+json
application/rss+xml
application/vnd.ms-fontobject
application/x-font-ttf
application/x-web-app-manifest+json
application/xhtml+xml
application/xml
font/opentype
image/svg+xml
image/x-icon
text/css
text/html
text/plain
text/x-component
text/xml
</IfModule></IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Content transformations |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Prevent mobile network providers from modifying the website's content.# http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9.5.# <IfModule mod_headers.c># Header set Cache-Control "no-transform"# </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | ETags |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers.# http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags.# `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases.<IfModule mod_headers.c>Header unset ETag</IfModule>FileETagNone# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Expires headers |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# The following expires headers are set pretty far in the future. If you# don't control versioning with filename-based cache busting, consider# lowering the cache time for resources such as style sheets and JavaScript# files to something like one week.<IfModule mod_expires.c>ExpiresActive on
ExpiresDefault"access plus 1 month"# CSSExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year"# Data interchangeExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds"ExpiresByType application/ld+json "access plus 0 seconds"ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds"ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds"# Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor imagesExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week"# HTML components (HTCs)ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month"# HTMLExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds"# JavaScriptExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year"# Manifest filesExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds"ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds"# MediaExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month"# Web feedsExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour"ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour"# Web fontsExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month"ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month"</IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | Filename-based cache busting |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version revving,# you might want to consider enabling the following directives to route all# requests such as `/css/style.12345.css` to `/css/style.css`.# To understand why this is important and a better idea than `*.css?v231`, read:# http://stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c># RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f# RewriteRule ^(.+).(d+).(js|css|png|jpe?g|gif)$ $1.$3 [L]# </IfModule># ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# | File concatenation |# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Allow concatenation from within specific style sheets and JavaScript files.# e.g.:## If you have the following content in a file## <!--#include file="libs/jquery.js" --># <!--#include file="plugins/jquery.timer.js" -->## Apache will replace it with the content from the specified files.# <IfModule mod_include.c># <FilesMatch ".combined.js$"># Options +Includes# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript application/json# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES# </FilesMatch># <FilesMatch ".combined.css$"># Options +Includes# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES# </FilesMatch># </IfModule>